REFERENCES
Aber, J.D., Botkin, D.B., Mellilo, J.M. 1978. Predicting the effects of different harvesting regimes on forest floor dynamics in northern hardwoods. Can. J. For. Res. 8: 306-315 Banik, M.T., Paul, J.A., Burdsall, H.H., Cook, M.E. 1993. Serological differentiation of two forms of Phellinus weirii. Mycologia. 85 (4): 605-611 Bloomberg, W.J., Reynolds,G. 1982. Factors affecting transfer and spread of Phellilnus weirii mycelium in roots of second-growth Douglas fir Pseudotsuga menziesii. Can. J. For. Res. 12 (2): 424-427. Bloomberg, W.J., Reynolds,G. 1985. Growth loss and mortality in laminated root rot infection centers in second-growth Douglas-fir on Vancouver Island. For. Sci. 31 (2) : 497-508. Bloomberg W. J., Reynolds, G. 1988. Equipment trials for uprooting root-rot infected stumps. West J. Appl. For. 3 (3): 80-82 Bloomberg, W.J., Wallis, G.W. 1979. Comparison of indicator variables for estimating growth reduction associated with Phellinus weirii root rot in Douglas-fir plantations. Can. J. For. Res. 9: 76-81. Booth, B. 2000. Using ArcGIS 3D Analyst. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Burger, J.A., Pritchett, W.L. 1984. Effects of clearfelling and site preparation on nitrogen mineralization in a southern pine stand. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 48: 1432-1437 Caldero´, F. J. , Jackson, L. E. , Scow, K. M., Rolston, D. E. 2001. Short-term dynamics of nitrogen, microbial activity, and phospholipid fatty acids after tillage. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:118-126. Carter, M.C., Dean, T.J., Zhou, M., Messina, M.G., Wang, Z. 2002. Short term changes in soil C, N, and biota following harvesting and regeneration of loblolly pine (Pinus teada L.) For. Ecol. and Mgt. 164: 67-88. Cássaro, F. A. M., Tominaga T. T., Bacchi O. O. S., Reichardt K., Oliveira J. C. M., Timm, L. C. 2000. Improved laboratory calibration of a single-probe surface gamma-neutron gauge. Aust. J. Soil Res. 38: 937-46. Clayton, J. L., Kennedy, D.A. 1985. Nutrient losses from timber harvest in the Idaho USA batholith. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49 (4): 1041-1049. Davis, G., Wells, W.H., 1994. Stumping and pushover logging in the Nelson forest region- 1992 & 1993 Soil Disturbance Surveys. BC Min. For., Forest Sciences Section, Tech. Rept. TR-009. Dyck, B.J. and Beets, P.N. 1987. Managing for long-term site productivity. New Zealand Forestry 32(3): 23-26. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Redlands, CA. http://www.esri.com. Finer, L., Mannerkoski, H., Piirainen, S., Starr, M. 2003. Carbon and nitrogen pools in an old growth, Norway spruce mixed forest in eastern Finland and changes associated with clear cutting. For. Ecol. Manage. 174: 51-63. Fons, J. , Klinka, K. 1990. Temporal variation of forest floor properties in the coastal western hemlock zone of southern British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 28: 582-590. Forge, T.A., Simard, S.W. 2000. Trophic structure of nematode communities, microbial biomass, and nitrogen mineralization in soils of forests and clearcuts in the southern interior of British Columbia. Can. J. Soil Sci. 80: 401-410. Franklin, J.F., Dyrness, C.T. 1973. Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Gen Tech. Rep. PNW-8. USDA Forest Service PNW Res. Stn. Portland, OR. Fridland, V.M. 1972. Structure of the soil mantle. Geoderma 12: 35-41. Froehlich, H.A., Miles, D.W.R., Robbins, R.W. 1985. Soil bulk density recovery on compacted skid trails in central Idaho. J. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. 49 (4): 1015-1017. Gilbertson, R.L. 1979. The genus Phellinus (Aphyllophorales: Hymenochaetaceae) in western North America Fungi, Phellinus sonorae, new taxa, includes root rot and wood decay pathogens. Mycotaxon. 9 (1): 51-89. Goovaerts, P. 1998. Geostatistical tools for characterizing the spatial variability of microbiological and physio-chemical soil properties. Bio. Fertil. Soils 27:315 334. Harvey A.E. Geist,J.M., McDonald, O.I., Jurgensen, M.F., Cochran, P.H., Zabowski, D., Meurisse, R.T. 1994. Biotic and abiotic processes in eastside ecosystems: the effects of management on soil properties, processes and productivity. Gen Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-23. USDA Forest Service PNW Res. Stn. Portland, OR. Heninger R., Scott W., Dobkowski A., Miller R., Anderson H., Duke, S. 2002. Soil disturbance and 10-year growth response of coast Douglas-fir on nontilled and tilled skid trails in the Oregon Cascades. Can. J. For. Res. 32 (2): 233-246. Holmes,W.E., Zak, D.R. 1999. Soil microbial control of nitrogen loss following clear-cut harvest in northern hardwood ecosystems. Ecological Applications. 9: 202-215. Johnson, C.E., Ruiz-Mendez, J.J., Lawrence, G.B. 2000. Forest Soil Chemistry and Terrain Attributes in a Catskills Watershed. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64:1804-1814. Johnston, K., Ver Hoef J.M., Krivoruchko, K., Lucas, N. 2001. Using ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Jurgensen, M.F., Harvey, A.E., Graham, R.T., Page-Dumroese, D.S., Tonn, J.R, Larsen, M.J., Jain, T.B. 1997. Impacts of timber harvesting on soil organic matter, nitrogen, productivity, and health of inland Northwest forests. Forest Science. 43 (2): 234-251. Klopatek, J. 2002. Belowground carbon pools and processes in different age stands of Douglas-fir.Tree Physiology. 22 (2-3): 197-204. Larsen, M.J., Lombard, F.F., Clark, J.W. 1994. Phellinus sulphurascens and the closely related P. weirii in North America. Mycologia 86: 121-130. Merino, A., Edeso, J.M., Gonzalez M.J., Marauri, P. 1998. Soil properties in a hilly area following different harvesting management practices. For. Ecol. Manage. 103: 235-246. Minami, M. 2000. Using ArcMAP. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Morrison, D.J.; Wallis, G.W.; Weir, L.C. 1988. Control of Armillaria and Phellinus root diseases: 20-year results from the Skimikin stump removal experiment. Can. For. Serv., Pac. For. Cent., Victoria, Inf. Rep. BC-X-302. Murrill, W.A. 1914. An enemy of the western red cedar. Mycologia 6: 93-94. Nat. Res. Cons. Serv. 2003. NRCS Soil Surveys: http://soils.usda.gov/survey/online_surveys. Nelson, E.E. 1975. Survival of Poria werii in wood buried in urea amended forest soil. Phytopathology 65: 501-502 Nelson, E.E., Martin, N.E., Williams, R.E. 1981. Laminated root rot of western conifers. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service. Forest Insect and Disease Leaflet 159. Nelson, E.E., Thies, W.G. 1985. Colonization of Phellinus weirii-infested stumps by Trichoderma viride. 1: Effect of isolate and inoculum base. Euro. Jour. of For. Path. 15: 425-431. Nohrstedt, H.O., Ring, E., Klemedtsson, L. Nilsson, A. 1994. Nitrogen losses and soil water acidity after clear felling of fertilized experimental plots in a Pinus sylvestris stand. For Ecol. Manage. 66 (1-3): 69-86. Page-Dumroese, D.S., Harvey, A.E., Jurgensen, M.F., Amaranthus, M.P. 1998. Impacts of soil compaction and tree stump removal on soil properties and outplanted seedlings in northern Idaho, USA. Can. J. Soil Sci. 78 (1): 29-34. Page-Dumroese D., Jurgensen M., Elliot W., Rice T., Nesser J., Collins T., Meurisse R. 2000. Soil quality standards and guidelines for forest sustainability in northwestern North America. For. Ecol. Manage. 138: 445-462. Parker J. L., Fernandez I. J., Rustad L. E., Norton S. A. 2001. Effects of nitrogen enrichment, wildfire, and harvesting on forest-soil carbon and nitrogen. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 65:1248-1255. Pennock, D.J., van Kessel, C., 1997. Clear-cut forest harvest impacts on soil quality indicators in the mixedwood forest of Saskathewan, Canada. Geoderma 75: 13-32. Piatek, K. B., Allen, H. L. 1999. Nitrogen mineralization in a pine plantation fifteen years after harvesting and site preparation Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63: 990-998. Rahman, S., Munn, L.C., Zhang, R., Vance, G.F. 1996. Rocky Mountain forest soils: Evaluating spatial variability using conventional statistics and geostatistics. Can. J. Soil Sci. 76: 501-507. Rogowski A. S., Wolf, J. K. 1994. Incorporating variability into soil map unit delineations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58:163-174. Ross, D.J., Speir, T.W., Kettles, H.A., Mackay, A.D. 1995. Soil microbial biomass, C and N mineralization and enzyme activities in a hill pasture: influence of season and slow-release P and S fertilizer. Soi. Biol. Biochem. 27 (11): 1431-1443. Rousseva S.S., Ahuja L.R., Heathman G.C. 1988. Use of a surface gamma-neutron gauge for in situ measurement of changes in bulk density of the tilled zone. Soil & Tillage Research 12: 235-251. Quesnel, H. J., Curran, M.P. 2000. Shelterwood harvesting in root-disease infected stands -post-harvest soil disturbance and compaction. For. Ecol. Manage.133: 89-113. SAS OnlineDoc. Version Eight 1999. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC. http://v8doc.sas.com/sashtml. Schmidt M.G., Macdonald, S.E., Rothwell, R.L. 1996. Impacts of harvesting and mechanical site preparation on soil chemical properties of mixed-wood boreal forests in Alberta. Can. J. Soil Sci. 76 (4): 531-540. Simard, S.W., Jones, M.D., Durall, D.M., Hope, G.D., Stathers, R.J., Sorensen, N.S. Zimonick, B.J. 2003. Chemical and mechanical site preparation: effects on Pinus contorta growth, physiology, and microsite quality on grassy, steep forest sites in British Columbia. Can. J. For. Res. 33 (8): 1495-1515. Shaner, J., Wrightsell, J. 2000. Editing in ArcMAP. Environmental Systems Research Institute. Smith, R.B., Wass, E.F. 1989. Soil displacement in stump uprooting trials on a root-rot infested cutover. J. Soil and Water Cons. 44: 351-352. Smith, R.B., Wass, E.F. 1994. Impacts of a stump uprooting operation on properties of a calcareous loamy soil and on planted seedling performance. Can. For. Serv., Pac. For. Cent., Victoria, Inf. Rep. BC-X-344. Thies, W.G. 1983. Determination of growth reduction in Douglas-fir Pseudotsuga-menziesii infected by Phellinus-weirii. For. Sci. 29 (2): 305-315. Thies, W.G. 1984. Laminated root rot: the quest for control. Journal of Forestry. 82: 345-356. Thies, W.G. and Nelson, E.E. 1988. Bulldozing stumps and nitrogen fertilization affect growth of Douglas fir seedlings. Can. J. For. Res. 18: 801-804. Thies, W.G., Nelson, E.E. and Zabowski, D. 1994. Removal of stumps from a Phellinus weirii infested site and fertilization affect mortality and growth of planted Douglas-fir. Can. J. For. Res. 24: 234-239. Thies, W.G.and Sturrock, R.N., 1995. Laminated root rot in western North America. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-349. Portland OR. Thwaites, R.N. 2000. From biodiversity to geodiversity and soil diversity, a spatial understanding of soil in ecological studies of the forest landscape. J. Trop. For. Sci. 12 (2): 388-405. Tuttle 1985. Surface soil removal and herbicide treatment. J. Soil. Sci. Soc. Am. 49 (6): 1558-1562. USDA. Natural Resource Conservation Service. 2004. http://soils.usda.gov/survey/online_surveys. Vitousek, P.M., Matson, P.A. 1985a. Intensive harvesting and site preparation decrease soil nitrogen availability in young plantations. South. J. Appl. For. 9(2): 120-125. Vitousek, P. M., and P. A. Matson. 1985b. Disturbance, nitrogen availability, and nitrogen losses in an intensively managed loblolly pine plantation. Ecology 66: 1360-1376. Wass E.F. and Smith R.B. 1997. Impacts of stump uprooting on a gravelly sandy loam soil and planted Douglas-fir seedlings in south-coastal British Columbia. Can. For. Serv., Pac. For. Cent., Victoria, Inf. Rep BC-X-368. Weber, M.G., Methven, J.R., and Van Wagner, C.E. 1984. The effect of forest floor manipulation on nitrogen status and tree growth in an eastern Ontario jack pine ecosystem.Can. J. For. Res. 15: 313-318. Zhu, A.X., Band, L E., Dutton, B, Nimlos, T J. 1996. Automated soil inference under fuzzy logic. Ecol. Mod. 90: 123-145. |